Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are key technologies used in modern cartography. Specialists in this field design and manage spatial databases, manipulate and analyze spatial data, create maps, and conduct research using remote sensing techniques

GIS analysts use GIS software to compile, analyze, and manipulate geographic data. They work on creating and updating maps, performing spatial analysis, and aiding in decision-making processes for various applications such as urban planning, environmental management, and transportation.

Cartographers are responsible for creating accurate and visually appealing maps using traditional and digital techniques. They work on aspects like map generalization, symbolization, labeling, and layout design. Cartographers also ensure that maps are up to date and adhere to cartographic standards.

Geospatial intelligence analysts analyze and interpret geographic data, imagery, and other spatial information to provide actionable intelligence. They work in fields such as defense, intelligence, and emergency response, creating maps and reports to support decision-making and planning.

Geographers study spatial patterns and relationships on the Earth's surface. They analyze how physical and human characteristics interact and impact the environment. Geographers may specialize in areas like climatology, urban planning, economic geography, or environmental management, among others.

Surveyors gather and measure physical data on land, airspace, or water for the purpose of creating maps, boundary determination, construction projects, or property assessment. They use specialized techniques and equipment like GPS receivers and total stations to establish accurate measurements.

Geospatial project managers oversee the planning, execution, and delivery of geospatial projects. They coordinate with various stakeholders, manage resources, and ensure projects meet quality and timeline objectives. A strong understanding of cartography and geospatial technologies is essential for this role.

As maps and spatial data become more accessible online, web mapping specialists create interactive maps for web-based platforms. They work with GIS software, programming languages, and web development tools to design and develop user-friendly and visually appealing web mapping applications.

Navigation system developers specialize in creating navigational tools and applications. They develop map databases, design user interfaces, and integrate location-based services in various devices. Their work may also involve developing algorithms for route planning and optimizing navigation experiences.

Many cartography professionals work as professors, researchers, or academics in universities or research institutions. They contribute to the advancement of the field by conducting research, publishing scholarly articles, teaching courses, and mentoring students in various aspects of cartography.