GIS specialists collect, analyze, and visualize geographic data using specialized software. They create maps, develop spatial models, and assist in decision-making processes for industries such as urban planning, environmental management, and transportation.

Urban planners study land use in cities and towns. They analyze population growth, assess infrastructure needs, and develop plans to manage land, transportation, and public services. Urban planners strive to ensure sustainable and efficient development while considering social, economic, and environmental factors.

Environmental scientists investigate the impact of human activities on the environment. They collect and analyze data related to pollution, habitat loss, climate change, and resource management. They work to develop solutions to environmental issues and promote conservation efforts.

Cartographers create maps and charts using geographic data. They combine scientific knowledge and artistic skills to design accurate and visually appealing maps for various purposes such as navigation, research, and tourism. Cartographers may also work on digital mapping projects or Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Remote sensing specialists use satellite imagery and aerial photographs to gather and interpret data about the Earth's surface. They analyze changes in land use, monitor environmental conditions, and help in disaster management. Remote sensing specialists often collaborate with GIS specialists to analyze and interpret large datasets.

Geospatial analysts analyze geographic and spatial data to determine patterns, relationships, and trends. They create visual representations of this data to support decision-making processes in fields like urban planning, natural resource management, and emergency response. They may also work with GIS software and statistical tools.

Geographers study the Earth's physical environment, human populations, and their interactions. They research topics such as climate change, cultural landscapes, migration patterns, and economic development. Geographers may work in academia, government agencies, or non-profit organizations.