Diagnosing diseases by analyzing blood, urine, and other body fluids.

Examining tissues and organs to diagnose diseases, often performing autopsies.

Determining cause of death in legal and criminal investigations.

Diagnosing diseases at the cellular level, often using samples from Pap smears and fine-needle aspirations.

Specializing in diseases of the blood and bone marrow.

Using genetic and molecular techniques to diagnose diseases.

Focusing on diseases of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.